宇宙中质量最大的恒星列表【包括207颗质量超过60倍太阳质量的超大质量恒星】

本文中统计了目前天文学家发现的207颗质量超过60倍太阳质量的巨大恒星,其中Westerhout 49-2是质量最大的恒星,质量相当于250倍太阳质量,但是目前这个质量是有比较大不确定性。而明确的质量最大的恒星是BAT99-98,它的质量达到了太阳质量的226倍。

宇宙中质量最大的三颗恒星:Westerhout 49-2、BAT99-98和R136a1
宇宙中质量最大的三颗恒星:Westerhout 49-2、BAT99-98和R136a1

表格中的单位说明如下:

  • 质量单位:太阳质量的倍数
  • 表面温度单位:开尔文(K)
  • 距离单位:光年
排名恒星名质量表面温度可视星等距离
1Westerhout 49-22503550018.24636200
2BAT99-982264500013.37165000
3R136a11964600012.23163000
4Melnick421894730012.78163000
5VFTS10221784220013.47164000
6Westerhout51-571604270016.6620000
7R136a31555000012.97163000
8VFTS6821535220016.08164000
9HD15558A152395007.8724400
10R136a21515000012.34163000
11Westerhout51-31483980017.7920000
12Melnick34A1475300013.09163000
13VFTS4821454220012.95164000
14R136c1425100013.43163000
15VFTS10211413980013.35164000
16LH10-3209A1404250011.859160000
17VFTS5061384730013.31164000
18Melnick34B1365300013.09163000
19Westerhout51d1354270015.1120000
20VFTS5451334730013.32164000
21HD97950B1324200011.3324800
22HD2698101305250012.22163000
23Westerhout49-11304470015.53136200
24R136a71275400013.97163000
25WR42e1234300014.5325000
26HD97950A1a1204200011.1824800
27LSS40671204000011.4411000
28WR931207100010.685900
29Sk-69°2121194540012.416160000
30Sk-69°249A1193890012.02160000
31ST5-311195070012.273160000
32R136a51164800013.71157000
33MSP1831154630013.87820000
34WR24114501006.4814000
35HD97950C11134400011.8924800
36Arches-F9111.33660016.125000
37CygnusOB2#12A1101370011.7025200
38HD93129Aa110425006.97500
39HSH95-361104950014.41163000
40R1461096300013.11164000
41R136a41085000013.41157000
42VFTS6211075400015.39164000
43R136a61055200013.35157000
44Westerhout49-31054070016.68936200
45WR21aA103.64500012.66126100
46R991032800011.52164000
47Arches-F61013390015.7525000
48Sk-65°471014780012.466160000
49Arches-F1100.93320016.325000
50PeonyStar1002510012.97826000
51VFTS4571003980013.74164000
52ηCarinaeA1009,400-35,2004.37500
53Mercer30-1A993220010.3340000
54Sk-68°137995000013.346160000
55WR25A98501008.86500
56BI25397.65400013.76164000
57R136a8964950014.42157000
58Westerhout49-15964370018.30736200
59HD38282B954700011.11163000
60HM1-6954470011.6411000
61NGC3603-42955000012.8625000
62R139A953500011.94163000
63BAT99-6945600011.95165000
64Sk-66°172944630013.1160000
65ST2-22945130014.3160000
66VFTS259943760013.65164000
67VFTS562944220013.66164000
68VFTS512934730014.28164000
69HD97950A1b924000011.1824800
70R136b923550013.24163000
71VFTS1691.65060013.55164000
72HD97950A3915000012.9524800
73NGC346-W1914340012.57200000
74R1279010,000-27,00010.15160000
75VFTS333903760012.49164000
76VFTS267894470013.49164000
77VFTS64883980014.621164000
78BAT99-80A874500013165000
79R140b874700012.66165000
80VFTS542874470013.47164000
81VFTS599874470013.8164000
82WR89873980011.0211000
83Arches-F786.33290015.7425000
84Sk-69°104863990012.1160000
85VFTS1017865010014.5164000
86LH10-3061855200013.491160000
87Sk80853890012.31200000
88VFTS603854220013.99164000
89Sk-70°9184.094890012.78165000
90R147844730012.993164000
91HD93250A83.3460007.57500
92Melnick33NaA835000013.79163000
93WR20aA82.74300013.2820000
94TIC276934932A824500014.05160000
95WR20aB81.94300013.2820000
96Trumpler27-27813700013.313900
97BAT99-96804200013.76165000
98HD1557080460008.117500
99HD38282A804700011.11163000
100HSH95-46804750014.56163000
101Arches-F1579.73560016.1225000
102BI23779.665130013.83165000
103VFTS94794220014.161164000
104VFTS151794220014.13164000
105LH41-32784820013.086160000
106Pismis24-17784270011.845900
107VFTS404784470014.14164000
108Westerhout51-2774270013.6820000
109BAT99-68764500014.13165000
110HD9363276454008.2310000
111NGC346-W3765250012.8200000
112VFTS169764730014.437164000
113VFTS440763980012.046164000
114AB1757900015.238197000
115WR22A75447006.428300
116Pismis24-1NE7442500116500
117VFTS608744220014.22164000
118HSH95-31734750014.12163000
119Mercer30-3733930012.6240000
120Mercer30-11733680012.3340000
121VFTS566734470014.05164000
122LH64-16725090013.666160000
123NGC2044-W35724820014.1160000
124VFTS216724470014.389164000
125ST2-1714410014.3160000
126VFTS3712100011.56164000
127Arches-F12703690016.425000
128HD1562970459008.427500
129HD37974702250010.99163000
130HD93129Ab70440007.317500
131M33X-7B703500018.72700000
132Sk-69°194A704500012.131160000
133VFTS12569.65520016.6164000
134HD4615069440006.735200
135HD22905969263008.73000
136ST2-3694490014.264160000
137ST2-32694540013.903160000
138W28-23695130013.702160000
139HD93403A68.5393008.2710400
140HD9313068399008.0410000
141HM1-8684610012.5211000
142HSH95-47684350014.72163000
143HSH95-48684650014.75163000
144Westerhout51-61683800018.1620000
145BAT99-93674500013.446165000
146Sk-69°200672630011.18160000
147Arches-F1866.93690016.725000
148Arches-F466.43680015.6325000
149BAT99-59A667100013.186165000
150BAT99-104666300012.5165000
151HD5980B664500011.31200000
152HD190429A66460006.637800
153LH31-1003664190013.186160000
154LH114-7665000013.66160000
155Pismis24-1SW664000011.16500
156BAT99-126657100013.166165000
157HSH95-40654750014.56163000
158HSH95-58654750014.8163000
159HSH95-89654400014.76163000
160VFTS63654220014.4164000
161VFTS145653980014.3164000
162VFTS518654470015.11164000
163Westerhout49-8654070015.61736200
164BD+43°365464.64040010.065400
165BAT99-129A647900014.701165000
166HSH95-50644700014.65163000
167Sk-69°25644360011.886160000
168Trumpler27-23642750010.093900
169Westerhout49-5644270015.62336200
170HD4622363460007.285200
171HD6456863540009.3916000
172HD30330863513008.179200
173HR6187A63465005.544300
174LH10-3058635400014.089160000
175ST5-71634540013.266160000
176AB96210000015.431197000
177Brey32B624360012.32165000
178HD9316062427007.68000
179HSH95-35624750014.43163000
180LH41-1017624270012.266160000
181Mercer30-6aA622990010.3940000
182ST4-18624480013.639160000
183VFTS664623990013.937164000
184HD22919661.6409008.595000
185AB8B614500012.83197000
186BAT99-79A614200013.486165000
187HD5980A6121,000-53,00011.31200000
188LH41-18613850012.586160000
189Mercer30-9A613450012.2540000
190ST5-25614860013.551160000
191VFTS422613980015.14164000
192WR102hb612510013.926000
193Sk-67°16660.684180012.22160000
194Sk-67°16760.684180012.586160000
195Sk-71°4660.684180013.241160000
196Brey106011700012.69165000
197Brey94A608300012.996165000
198Brey95aA608300012.2165000
199HSH95-55604750014.74163000
200Mercer30-7A604140011.51640000
201R134603980012.75164000
202R142601800011.82164000
203R1436018,000-36,00012.014160000
204Sk-69°142a603400011.093160000
205Sk-69°259602300011.93160000
206Var836018,000-37,00016.0273000000
207VFTS430602450015.11164000
宇宙中质量超过60倍太阳质量的超大质量恒星列表

需要注意的是:超大质量恒星并不代表拥有很大的半径。

这些质量超级大的恒星距离地球都比较遥远,其中距离我们最近的超大质量恒星是HD229059,距离地球大约3000光年,这是一颗69倍太阳质量的恒星。

超大质量恒星图片
超大质量恒星图片

由于大部分的超大质量恒星都距离地球太过于遥远,很多还位于银河系以外的星系当中,所以对于它们的质量估算就变得比较困难,所以上述表格中的数据可能与实际情况有比较大的出入。

超大质量恒星意味着非常大的质量流失,其中一些恒星在过去可能比现在大很多(能大几十个太阳质量),并且这些恒星的寿命一般也比较短暂,未来会通过超新星爆发的方式变成中子星或黑洞。

特别是一些质量大于120倍太阳质量的超大质量恒星,这些恒星挑战了当前的恒星演化理论。

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